But this is physically same as \ left | 1 \ right \ rangle as the exponential term is just a phase factor and does not produce a new state.
22.
Where \ varepsilon ( t, z ) is the perturbation term ( which, for mathematical convenience, has been multiplied by the same phase factor as A ).
23.
But if all particle charges are integer multiples of, solenoids with a flux of have no interference fringes, because the phase factor for any charged particle is 1 } }.
24.
Instead, the eigenvalues of the exchange operator may be complex phase factors ( in which case \ hat { P } is not Hermitian ), see anyon for this case.
25.
Therefore, a stationary state is a standing wave that oscillates with an overall complex phase factor, and its oscillation angular frequency is equal to its energy divided by \ hbar.
26.
Systems which can be labelled by good quantum numbers are actually eigenstates of the complex phase factor attached to it changes continuously with time, but it can't be observed.
27.
However, " differences " in phase factors between two interacting quantum states can sometimes be measurable ( such as in the Berry phase ) and this can have important consequences.
28.
This describes a fermionic braiding; don't pick up a phase factor when interchanging two bosons or a boson and a fermion, but multiply by-1 when interchanging two fermions.
29.
The phase factors " ? " 1 and " ? " 2 are physically meaningful only if neutrinos are unitary, a sterile neutrino or some other new physics is required.
30.
Where the oscillatory e ^ { i \ gamma Pz } phase factor accounts for the difference between the linear refractive index, and the modified refractive index, as raised by the Kerr effect.
