These combined analgesics contained aspirin or other NSAID with phenacetin, paracetamol, or salicylamide, and caffeine or codeine.
22.
Paracetamol is the active metabolite of phenacetin and acetanilide, both once popular as analgesics and antipyretics in their own right.
23.
The occasional reports of acetanilide-induced cyanosis prompted the search for supposedly less toxic aniline derivatives, such as phenacetin.
24.
The term usually refers to damage induced by excessive use of combinations of these medications, especially combinations that include phenacetin.
25.
It was first launched by Roche in 1933, containing initially pyrithyldione and phenacetin, widely used remedies for fever and pain.
26.
It has been shown to metabolize Bufuralol, progesterone, Dextromethorphan, methoxyresorufin, cortisol, Diclofenac, Phenacetin, and testosterone.
27.
As the use of phenacetin declined, so too did the prevalence of analgesic nephropathy as a cause of end-stage kidney disease.
28.
It is currently thought that the kidney toxicities of NSAIDs and the antipyretics phenacetin and paracetamol may combine to give rise to analgesic nephropathy.
29.
"' Analgesic nephropathy "'is injury to the kidneys caused by analgesic medications such as aspirin, phenacetin, and paracetamol.
30.
They noted that chronic users of phenacetin had an increased risk of developing specific kidney injuries, namely renal papillary necrosis and chronic interstitial nephritis.
