The size of individual chromophore molecules or photoactive color centers is much smaller than the size of the laser focus ( which is determined by the diffraction limit ).
22.
Multiple research investigations with both multi-walled carbon nanotubes ( MWCNTs ) and single-walled carbon nanotubes ( SWCNTs ) integrated into the photoactive material have been completed.
23.
Through thermal evaporation or sputter coating, a 20 to 70 nm thick layer of aluminum and sometimes an intermediate layer of lithium fluoride are then applied onto the photoactive material.
24.
An image is projected through a lens onto the capacitor array ( the photoactive region ), causing each capacitor to accumulate an electric charge proportional to the light intensity at that location.
25.
Including porphyrin and C 60 fullerene, organization of photoactive donor polymer and acceptor fullerene on electrode surfaces has also been shown to offer considerable improvement in the photoconversion efficiency of solar cells.
26.
However, it is not very difficult to show the relationship between incident light and conductivity in a material with only one type of charge carrier and one type of a photoactive center.
27.
Studies of soft " materials including synthesis of organic molecules, macromolecules, polymers and their assemblies, with access to functional systems, photoactive, organic-inorganic hybrid and porous materials.
28.
Mainly, CNTs have been used as either the photo-induced exciton carrier transport medium impurity within a polymer-based photovoltaic layer or as the photoactive ( photon-electron conversion ) layer.
29.
Another metallo-porphyrin complex, the iron chelate, is more photoactive ( towards HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus in MT-4 cells ) than the manganese complexes; the zinc derivative is photoinactive.
30.
Therefore, using CNTs in the photoactive layer of OPV devices is still in the initial research stages and there is still room for novel methods to better take advantage of the beneficial properties of CNTs.
