The tips for U / S soldering irons are also coupled to a heating element while the piezoelectric crystal is thermally isolated, not to degrade the piezoelectric element.
22.
The Sauerbrey equation was first derived by G . Sauerbrey in 1959 and correlates changes in the oscillation frequency of a piezoelectric crystal with mass deposited on it.
23.
A "'crystal earpiece "', is a type of piezoelectric earphone, producing sound by using a piezoelectric crystal, a material that changes its shape when electricity is applied to it.
24.
"' John Ernest ( J . E . ) Benson "'was an Australian engineer and researcher who contributed to studies on piezoelectric crystals, television and sound systems, particularly loudspeakers.
25.
Since weighted strings have obvious shortcomings in real-life devices _ like airbag triggers _ sophisticated accelerometers measure the deflection of materials like piezoelectric crystals, which produce electricity when they are bent.
26.
This work, for the Anti-Submarine Division of the British Naval Staff, was undertaken in utmost secrecy, and used quartz piezoelectric crystals to produce the world's first practical underwater active sound detection apparatus.
27.
In these devices, piezoelectric crystals are used to generate high frequency ( 20 60 kHz ) acoustic waves in molten solder layers or batch, to mechanically disrupt oxides that form on the molten solder surfaces.
28.
Unlike most ink jet printers which fire drops only when needed, the IRIS printer's four 1-micrometer glass jets operate continuously under high pressure, vibrated by a piezoelectric crystal to produce drops at a 1 MHz rate.
29.
The force mode used in the colloidal probe technique is illustrated in the figure on the left . The scanner is fabricated from piezoelectric crystals, which enable its positioning with a precision better than 0.1 nm.
30.
A piezoelectric crystal creates an acoustic wave as it vibrates within the gunbody and causes the stream of liquid to break into droplets at regular intervals : 64, 000 to 165, 000 droplets per second may be achieved.
