This creates a proton motive force that is the net effect of a pH gradient and an electric potential gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
22.
The redistribution of charge changes the potential gradient, determining where the avalanche effect is likely to grow, and where it will die out.
23.
Although they may also serve to suppress corona, their main purpose is to reduce the potential gradient along the insulator, preventing premature electrical breakdown.
24.
The potential gradient ( electric field ) across an insulator is not uniform, but is highest at the end next to the high voltage electrode.
25.
Both feature a ring of many small alpha-helical proteins that rotate relative to nearby stationary proteins, using a potential gradient as an energy source.
26.
When the potential gradient ( electric field ) is large enough at a point in the fluid, the fluid at that point ionizes and it becomes conductive.
27.
In concrete pools even the reinforcing bars of the concrete must be connected to the bonding system to ensure no dangerous potential gradients are produced during a fault.
28.
Flow of protons down this potential gradient that is, from the intermembrane space to the matrix provides the driving force for ATP synthesis by ATP synthase.
29.
They occur when the electric field at the conductor exceeds the dielectric strength of the air, the " disruptive potential gradient ", roughly 30 kilovolts per centimeter.
30.
The process extends to huge sparks streamers in lightning discharges propagate by formation of electron avalanches created in the high potential gradient ahead of the streamers'advancing tips.
