Solid-state Tesla coils use the lowest primary operating voltage, typically between 155 and 800 volts, and drive the primary winding using either a single, bipolar transistors, MOSFETs or IGBTs to switch the primary current.
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*The actions noted under the " periodically " section are completed & mdash; events are transferred from the primary current events sidebar to the July 2006 sidebar & mdash; if they are not already done.
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The oscillating primary current creates an oscillating magnetic field that couples to the secondary winding, transferring energy into the secondary side of the transformer and causing it to oscillate with the toroid capacitance to ground.
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In the first two cases, although primary current continues to flow, it approaches a steady value equal to the supply voltage V b divided by the total resistance ( s ) R in the primary circuit.
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Primary current applications include base station synchronization for mobile telecom systems, including advanced 3G and most new LTE base stations; smart grid power distribution systems; financial trading networks; and any network needing precise distributed timing information.
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The collapsing flux induces primary current to flow " out " of the primary toward the now-open switch i . e . to flow in the same direction it was flowing when the switch was closed.
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Burnside's current Captain America costume is an exact match to the first Rogers'primary current costume, complete with a new round shield that has survived blows from the " indestructible " round shield now used by Barnes.
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The difference between a trembler coil and a modern ignition coil is that in a modern coil the primary current is broken only once by the contact breaker for each cycle of the piston, creating a single spark.
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In a four-stroke engine, the timer is driven at half-crankshaft speed, like the camshaft . The Timer switched the primary current to each coil in turn and also started the coils at an appropriate time in the cylinder's cycle.
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To ensure this very low primary current densities are used generally in the range of 10 " 10 10 " 9 A / cm?( primary ion dose is below 10 12-10 13 ions / cm2 ).
