According to Herincx, the tempest that arose in the seventeenth century against Probabilism had its origin in Jansenism, for Rigorism was unknown among the theologians of the Middle Ages.
22.
At one time or another in the history of the Church three other opinions gained many adherents : "'Probabiliorism "', �quiprobabilism, and traditional Catholic probabilism.
23.
This theory was proposed by Mannier, Laloux and Potton; but it gained little support and has not yet become a rival of the old theories of probabilism, �quiprobabilism or even Probabiliorism.
24.
Fagnani is reproached with excessive rigour in his commentary on the chapter of the Decretals " Ne innitaris " ( Book I, De constitutionibus ), in which he combats the doctrine of probabilism.
25.
Adherents to Catholic probabilism hold that extrinsic authority can have sufficient weight to make an opinion solidly probable; but there is divergence of view in estimating what number of experts is able to give an opinion this solid probability.
26.
According to Catholic probabilism, whenever a prohibiting law is certain, the subjects of the law are bound to abstain from performing the action which the law forbids, unless they are excused by one of the ordinary exempting causes.
27.
This work, which appeared in two parts, opened up a storm of controversy, and in the edition of 1680 he reasserted his position in a supplement which defended moderate Probabilism against the twofold attacks of Laxists and Rigorists.
28.
He shows that the system of Probabilism is not altogether new, and he draws his proofs from Aquinas, Bonaventune, St . Antonine, and Scotus, although the Subtle Doctor is not so explicit on the matter as the other ancient writers.
29.
Reflex principles are presumptions to be applied in cases of doubt, such as the rule that where the moral right to something is unclear the law favours the person in possession . ( See Catholic Probabilism . ) Such principles are widely found in Western legal systems.
30.
Probabilists sometimes hold that St . Alphonsus never changed his opinion once he had discarded Probabiliorism for probabilism, though he changed his manner of expressing his view so as to exclude Laxist teaching and to give an indication of what must be regarded as a solidly probable opinion.
