Furthermore, although the Court had previously invited legislative involvement in the effort to devise prophylactic measures for protecting criminal defendants against overbearing tactics of the police, it had consistently held that these measures must not take away from the protections " Miranda " had afforded.
22.
"In particular, " the insurers assert, " the underwriters allege that Exxon's expenditures were made solely as a prophylactic measure to protect its corporate public image and profits rather than for any other purpose and despite the fact that Exxon knew it did not have coverage for such expenditure ."
23.
Using anecdotes from political parties and trade unions struggling to operate democratically to build his argument in 1911, Michels addressed the application of this law to representative democracy, and stated : " Who says organization, says oligarchy . " He went on to state that " Historical evolution mocks all the prophylactic measures that have been adopted for the prevention of oligarchy ."
