The second lower molar bears a crest, the anterolophid, before the two cusps, the protoconid and metaconid, that form the front edge of the molar in some other oryzomyines.
22.
There is no anteroconid in m2 and the tooth lacks an additional crest ( the anterolophid ) in front of the metaconid, but there is an anterolabial cingulum in front of the protoconid.
23.
Like the upper teeth, they bear four cusps ( metaconid, protoconid, entoconid, and hypoconid ), four lophs ( metalophid, mesolophid, hypolophid, and posterolophid ) and three valleys.
24.
The third upper cusps on the cheekteeth are higher, and the cristid obliqua ( a crest connected to the protoconid cusp ) is at a relatively buccal position ( in the direction of the cheeks ).
25.
The protoconid, another cusp on the labial ( outer ) side, is connected at its back to a longitudinal crest, which in turn anchors the transverse mesolophid crest, and then joins the hypoconid labial cusp.
26.
In m2, the trigonid ( the front portion of the tooth ) consists of three very distinct cusps : the paraconid at the front, and behind it the paired protoconid ( on the buccal side ) and metaconid ( on the lingual side ).
27.
In " I . himalayensis " at least ( the structure is damaged in the only known lower molar of " I . kamlialensis " ) there is a well-developed hollow in the trigonid in front of the protoconid and metaconid.
28.
Unlike the ursid bears whose fourth premolar has a more well-developed protoconid, an adaptation for shearing flesh, the fourth premolar of spectacled bears has blunt lophs with three pulp cavities instead of two, and can have three roots instead of the two that characterize ursid bears.
29.
A low crest, the paracristid, descends from the protoconid lingually and towards the front, forming the front margin of the trigonid; there is no distinct cusp ( a paraconid ) at the front of the trigonid on the p4, but this cusp is present in the molars.
30.
In " Indraloris himalayensis " lower molars, there are four main cusps ( protoconid and metaconid in the trigonid, hypoconid and entoconid in the talonid ), which give the crown a rectangular aspect, although the labial cusps ( protoconid and hypoconid ) are placed somewhat anterior to their lingual counterparts.
