Hence, this leads to tumor necrosis factor ? ( TNF ? ) and proinflammatory interleukins being established as the major causative agents of pseudomembranous colitis ( PMC ) and antibiotic-associated diarrhea ( AAD ).
22.
Pseudomembranous colitis first was described as a complication of " C . difficile " infection in 1978, when a toxin was isolated from patients suffering from pseudomembranous colitis and Koch's postulates were met.
23.
Pseudomembranous colitis first was described as a complication of " C . difficile " infection in 1978, when a toxin was isolated from patients suffering from pseudomembranous colitis and Koch's postulates were met.
24.
The colloquial term " thrush " refers to the resemblance of the white flecks present in some forms of candidiasis ( e . g ., pseudomembranous candidiasis ), with the breast of the bird of the same name.
25.
The colloquial term " thrush " refers to the resemblance of the white flecks present in some forms of candidiasis ( " e . g . " pseudomembranous candidiasis ) with the breast of the bird of the same name.
26.
The first description of FMT was published in 1958 by Ben Eiseman and colleagues, a team of surgeons from Colorado, who treated four critically ill patients with fulminant pseudomembranous colitis ( before " C . difficile " was the known cause ) using fecal enemas, which resulted in a rapid return to health.
27.
The condition is usually caused by Gram-positive enteric commensal bacteria of the Clostridium difficile " is a species of Gram-positive bacteria that commonly causes severe diarrhea and other intestinal diseases when competing bacteria are wiped out by antibiotics, causing pseudomembranous colitis, whereas Clostridium septicum is responsible for most cases of neutropenic enterocolitis.
28.
Pseudomembranous colitis can follow, creating generalized inflammation of the colon and the development of " pseudomembrane ", a viscous collection of inflammatory cells, fibrin, and necrotic cells . [ 4 ] Clindamycin-resistant " C . difficile " was reported as the causative agent of large outbreaks of diarrheal disease in hospitals in New York, Arizona, Florida and Massachusetts between 1989 and 1992.
29.
Like nearly all antibiotics, linezolid has been associated with " Clostridium difficile "-associated diarrhea ( CDAD ) and pseudomembranous colitis, although the latter is uncommon, occurring in about one in two thousand patients in clinical trials . " C . difficile " appears to be susceptible to linezolid " in vitro ", and linezolid was even considered as a possible treatment for CDAD.
