It is an obligately psychrophilic, Gram-positive irregular rod-shaped actinomycete, with type strain JCM 1463 ( = IAM 12024 = ATCC 43563 = IFO 15735 = NCIMB 2068 ).
22.
"' Psychrobacter fozii "'is a psychrophilic, oxidase-positive, halotolerant, Gram-negative, nonmotile coccobacillus with a strictly oxidative metabolism, first isolated from Antarctic environments.
23.
""'Pseudomonas antarctica " "'is a psychrophilic, Gram-negative, motile with a polar flagellum, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from cyanobacterial mats in Antarctica.
24.
""'Pseudomonas meridiana " "'is a psychrophilic, Gram-negative, motile with a polar flagellum, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from cyanobacterial mats in Antarctica.
25.
""'Pseudomonas proteolytica " "'is a psychrophilic, Gram-negative, motile with a polar flagellum, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from cyanobacterial mats in Antarctica.
26.
A commonly accepted hypothesis for this cold adaptation is the activity-stability-flexibility relationship, suggesting that psychrophilic enzymes increase the flexibility of their structure to compensate for the'freezing effect'of cold habitats.
27.
""'Psychrobacter frigidicola " "'is a psychrophilic, oxidase-positive, halotolerant, Gram-negative, nonmotile bacterium of the genus " Psychrobacter " which was isolated from the Antarctic.
28.
""'Sphingomonas alpina " "'is a Gram-negative, aerobic, psychrophilic and motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from alpine soil from the High Tauern in Austria.
29.
""'Marinobacter psychrophilus " "'is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, psychrophilic and motile bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from sea-ice of the Canadian Basin.
30.
The prototypic member of the group, a phosphatase from a psychrophilic bacterium " Shewanella ", has been studied as a model to understand the mechanisms that contribute to the high catalytic efficiency of enzymes from organisms adapted to low temperatures.
