:We should point out the difference between African Forest Elephants ( Egypt, Carthage-> the Barcid import also some Indian war elephants-> Suru, last surviving elephant of Hannibal for example )-> Battle of Raphia and Indian Elephants.
22.
The earliest known Andreas was physician to Ptolemy IV Philopator, and was killed while in attendance on that prince, shortly before the Battle of Raphia ( 217 BCE ), by Theodotus of Aetolia, who had secretly entered the tent with the intent to murder the king.
23.
In the campaign of 217 BC we find him commanding a body of ten thousand select troops, and just before the battle of Raphia he gave a singular proof of daring by penetrating with only two companions into the heart of the Egyptian camp, in order to assassinate Ptolemy himself.
24.
Polybius gives a valuable account of an elephant battle between these two species in his description of the battle of Raphia, where the beasts of Antiochus easily routed their African counterparts, yet the King failed to claim victory, since Ptolemy's phalanx forced his center to retreat in disorder.
25.
Sosibius, however, displayed some dexterity in delaying the progress of Antiochus by negotiation until he had time to organise a mercenary force : and when, in 218 BC, Ptolemy at length took the field in person, Sosibius accompanied him, and was present at the decisive battle of Raphia.
26.
""'Raphia farinifera " "'( Gaertn . ) Hyl . is a tropical African palm tree occurring in lowland riparian and swamp forest, also around human habitations and cultivated locations, on stream banks and other moist situations at altitudes of 50-1000 m.
27.
The birthday of Horus also was celebrated with a lamp festival, according to a decree that marked the Battle of Raphia in 217 BC . A major festival of lights occurred for the rites of Osiris on the 22nd day of the month of Khoiak ( December ), when 365 lamps were lit.
28.
Several of the towns had been damaged during Hasmonean rule, but the damage was not extensive and reconstruction was completed by the time of the governorship in Syria of Aulus Gabinius in 57 BC . Gaza and Raphia adopted the Pompeian era when reconstruction was completed, in 61 BC and in 57 BC respectively.
29.
A revival would begin when Seleucus II's younger son, Antiochus III the Great, took the throne in 223 BC . Although initially unsuccessful in the Fourth Syrian War against Egypt, which led to a defeat at the Battle of Raphia ( 217 BC ), Antiochus would prove himself to be the greatest of the Seleucid rulers after Seleucus I himself.
30.
Descended from an illustrious family at Argos, Polycrates came over to the court of the Egyptian monarch Ptolemy IV Philopator, just before his campaign against Antiochus III ., in 217 BC . He was of great service in drilling and encouraging the Egyptian troops, and he commanded the cavalry on the left wing at the battle of Raphia, in which Antiochus was defeated, and which secured to Ptolemy the provinces of Coele-Syria, Phoenicia, and Palestine.
