To fully utilize the multiple signals provided by targeted reinnervation, an experimental prosthesis was constructed with added power components : a TouchEMAS shoulder, a humeral rotator, and a hand capable of opening and closing with wrist flexion / extension function.
22.
Targeted muscle reinnervation ( TMR ) is a technique in which motor nerves, which previously controlled muscles on an amputated limb, are surgically rerouted such that they reinnervate a small region of a large, intact muscle, such as the pectoralis major.
23.
Research into the innervation of PNS neurons in patients with paralysis and prosthetics could further the knowledge of reinnervation of neural tissue in both the PNS and the CNS . This research is capable of making one difficult aspect of neural tissue engineering, functional innervation of neural tissue, more manageable.
24.
The study of "'peripheral nerve injury "'began during the American Civil War and has expanded to not only include extensive characterization of the processes and factors that contribute to nerve regeneration and reinnervation, but also determine therapies that enhance nerve regeneration such as biological conduits and the administration of growth-promoting molecules.
25.
If facial paralysis is caused by trauma or tumour surgery, direct reinnervation of the facial muscles ( ideally within 72 hours after facial nerve damage ) can be achieved by neurorrhaphy, with or without an interposition nerve graft . ( Algorithm 1 ) Neurorrhaphy is a primary end-to-end reconnection of the facial nerve stumps.
