GRNOPC1 is an embryonic stem cell based drug that is designed to treat specific forms of spinal cord injury through remyelination of damaged axons.
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In addition, the interaction between transplanted cells and immune cells and the effect of inflammatory immune cells on remyelination have yet to be fully characterized.
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Possible genes involved inside this pathway are TCF4 and OLIG2 which are both expressed in high amounts in areas where remyelination has failed from demyelinating diseases.
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Studies that focused on oligodendrocytes made it possible to look at different molecular targets that could allow cells to be protected from demyelination and allow remyelination.
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Julia Ruckh and fellow researchers have used parabiosis to study remyelination from adult stem cells to see if conjoining young with older mice could reverse or delay this process.
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If polydendrocytes were capable of giving rise to myelinating oligodendrocytes, one would expect complete remyelination of pathologically demyelinated lesions such as those seen in multiple sclerosis ( MS ).
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Combining immunomodulatory therapy with strategies to protect oligodendrocytes from further degeneration and enhance remyelination present a very real means to improve clinical outcomes for chronic progressive patients in the near future.
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Possible explanations for remyelination failure include depletion of polydendrocytes over time, failure to recruit polydendrocytes to the demyelinated lesion, and failure of recruited polydendrocytes to differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes.
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These markers are specific for the different processes that drive the formation of plaques : inflammation, myelin breakdown, astrogliosis, oligodendrocyte injury, neurodegeneration and axonal loss, and remyelination.
30.
Anti-lingo-1 ( BIIB033 ) is a monoclonal antibody specific to the lingo-1 protein and is designed to promote remyelination ( the formation of new myelin on axons ) and neuroprotection.
