Lipocalin-2 binds, next to bacterial siderophores, also to the mammalian siderophore 2, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid ( 2, 5-DHBA ).
22.
It is a siderophore composed of three glycine and three modified ornithine residues with hydroxamate groups [-N ( OH ) C ( = O ) C-].
23.
However, when the same populations were placed in an iron-rich environment, the mutant population outcompeted wild-type population, demonstrating that siderophore production is metabolically costly.
24.
With an increase in fitness, the cheaters can outcompete the cooperators; this leads to an overall decrease in fitness of the group, due to lack of sufficient siderophore production.
25.
Microbial iron transport ( siderophore )-mediated drug delivery makes use of the recognition of siderophores as iron delivery agents in order to have the microbe assimilate siderophore conjugates with attached drugs.
26.
Microbial iron transport ( siderophore )-mediated drug delivery makes use of the recognition of siderophores as iron delivery agents in order to have the microbe assimilate siderophore conjugates with attached drugs.
27.
In a population of siderophore secreting cells, non-secreting mutant cells do not pay the cost of secretion, but still gain the same benefit as the wild-type neighbors.
28.
Thus, when secreted, these molecules bind to surfaces and to each other, thereby slowing the rate of diffusion away from the secreting organism and maintaining a relatively high local siderophore concentration.
29.
Phytoplankton can, however, obtain iron from siderophore complexes by the aid of membrane-bound reductases and certainly from iron ( II ) generated via photochemical decomposition of iron ( III ) siderophores.
30.
Therefore, this strategy will only be evolutionary sound if all cells in a given population secrete siderophores, and thus all cells in that population will share the cost and benefit of siderophore production.
