| 21. | Another adaptation of " Pilobolus " is that the sporangium is covered in calcium oxalate crystals.
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| 22. | In water, chlamydospores germinate by producing short germ tubes, each with a sporangium at the tip.
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| 23. | Once the plant dies, more sporangium can form, release zoospores, and repeat the infection cycle.
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| 24. | In one specimen, two stomata were found immediately below the attachment of a sporangium to the stem.
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| 25. | In all seed plants, spores are produced by meiosis and develop into gametophytes while still inside the sporangium.
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| 26. | Further, the axis thickness is what would be expected if its sole role was to support a sporangium.
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| 27. | The transition to ovules continued with this megaspore being " boxed in " to its sporangium while it germinates.
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| 28. | This distinguishes polysporangiophytes from liverworts, mosses and hornworts, which have unbranched sporophytes each with a single sporangium.
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| 29. | Turgor pressure builds inside of the swelling until it ruptures, and the sporangium is hurled for 2 meters.
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| 30. | Nematodes have been observed climbing the sporangiophore or swimming inside of it to catch a ride on the sporangium.
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