In the second case, the most significant factor, which is determined by the temperature, is the mobility of the structural defects such as grain boundaries, point vacancies, line and screw dislocations, stacking faults and twins in both crystalline and non-crystalline solids.
22.
A stacking fault is an irregularity in the planar stacking sequence of atoms in a crystal in FCC metals the normal stacking sequence is ABCABC etc ., but if a stacking fault is introduced it may introduce an irregularity such as ABCBCABC into the normal stacking sequence.
23.
A stacking fault is an irregularity in the planar stacking sequence of atoms in a crystal in FCC metals the normal stacking sequence is ABCABC etc ., but if a stacking fault is introduced it may introduce an irregularity such as ABCBCABC into the normal stacking sequence.
24.
A few studies, however, suggested that despite the significance of stacking fault energy on the grain refinement at the early stages of straining, the steady-state grain size at large strains is mainly controlled by the homologous temperature in pure metals and by the interaction of solute atoms and dislocations in single-phase alloys.
25.
The following sources of peak broadening are listed in reference : dislocations, stacking faults, twinning, microstresses, grain boundaries, sub-boundaries, coherency strain, chemical heterogeneities, and crystallite smallness . ( Some of those and other imperfections may also result in peak shift, peak asymmetry, anisotropic peak broadening, or affect peak shape .)
