| 21. | In chronic exposures, organisms come into contact with low, continuous doses of a toxicant.
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| 22. | Some toxicants in these experiments by using chemical methods would affect the mechanisms of the assays.
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| 23. | The toxicants used in these experiments were chosen because they had a known mode of action.
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| 24. | However, the toxicant continued to break down the proton gradient, inevitably leading to mortality.
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| 25. | There is general agreement that e-cigarettes expose users to fewer toxicants than tobacco cigarettes.
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| 26. | Typically using selected organisms with ecologically relevant sensitivity to toxicants and a well-established literature background.
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| 27. | The toxicant is added to the water in order to obtain the correct concentrations to be tested.
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| 28. | Nevertheless, the specific action of the toxicant is always shown first because it requires lower concentrations.
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| 29. | Statistical analyses were used to determine significant differences in responses between toxicants with different modes of action.
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| 30. | This mechanism can include such toxicants as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ( DDE ) and polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ).
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