Defects in this process is known as aortopulmonary septal defect, and causes persistent truncus arteriosus, unequal division of the truncus arteriosus, aortic and pulmonary valve stenosis or tetralogy of fallot.
22.
Wilhelm Engelbert Giefers proposed that " Tanfana " derived from " tanfo ", cognate with Latin " truncus ", and referred to a grove on the site of the Eresburg, related to the Irminsul.
23.
Elizabeth was born with truncus arteriosus, a heart defect caused when the two great vessels leaving the heart-- one that brings blood to the lungs to get oxygen and one that carries oxygenated blood to the body-- do not form properly.
24.
The developing tubular heart then folds ventrally and bulges in five regions along its length : the first one and closest to the arterial end is the truncus arteriosus, then follow the bulbus cordis, the primitive ventricle, the primitive atrium and the sinus venosus.
25.
The adjacent walls of the bulbus cordis and ventricle approximate, fuse, and finally disappear, and the bulbus cordis now communicates freely with the right ventricle, while the junction of the bulbus with the truncus arteriosus is brought directly ventral to and applied to the atrial canal.
26.
Numerous perturbations affecting the cardiac neural crest have been associated with persistent truncus arteriosus, some of which include growth factors ( fibroblast growth factor 8 and bone morphogenetic protein ), transcription factors ( T-box, Pax, Nkx2-5, GATA-6, and Forkhead ), and gap junction proteins ( Connexin ).
