Consequently, the TMRCA estimated from a relatively small sample of viral genetic sequences is an asymptotically unbiased estimate for the time that the viral population was founded in the host population.
22.
In the general case, the unbiased estimate of the covariance matrix provides an acceptable estimate when the data vectors in the observed data set are all complete : that is they contain no missing elements.
23.
This is referred to as ordinary least squares ( OLS ) estimation and results in best linear unbiased estimates ( BLUE ) of the parameters if and only if the Gauss-Markov assumptions are satisfied.
24.
Given the estimation of " I " from " Q N ", the error bars of " Q N " can be estimated by the unbiased estimate of the variance.
25.
Then the ratio of the sum of the " y " variates and the sum of the " x " variates chosen in this fashion is an unbiased estimate of the ratio estimator.
26.
That is why the sum of squares of the deviations from the " sample " mean is too small to give an unbiased estimate of the population variance when the average of those squares is found.
27.
A well-known instance is when the random variable " X " is normally distributed : in this case the maximum likelihood estimator of the covariance matrix is slightly different from the unbiased estimate, and is given by
28.
Of all of these designs, the regression discontinuity design comes the closest to the experimental design, as the experimenter maintains control of the treatment assignment and it is known to yield an unbiased estimate of the treatment effects .
29.
Using this, futures rates, along with the assumption that arbitrage opportunities will be minimal in future markets, and that futures rates are unbiased estimates of forthcoming spot rates, provide enough information to construct a complete expected yield curve.
30.
Simply regressing earnings on college rating will not give an unbiased estimate of the target effect because elite colleges are highly selective, and students attending them are likely to have qualifications for high-earning jobs prior to attending the school.
