Lawrence Principe describes the relationship between alchemy and chemistry in his article entitled, " Alchemy Restored, " in which he states, " The search for metallic transmutation what we call " alchemy " but that is more accurately termed Chrysopoeia " was ordinarily viewed in the late seventeenth century as synonymous with or as a subset of chemistry . " He therefore proposes that the early spelling of chemistry as " chymistry " refers to a unified science including both alchemy and early chemistry.
22.
J�rgen Habermas argues, in his " On the Logic of the Social Sciences " ( 1967 ), that " the positivist thesis of unified science, which assimilates all the sciences to a natural-scientific model, fails because of the intimate relationship between the social sciences and history, and the fact that they are based on a situation-specific understanding of meaning that can be explicated only hermeneutically . . . access to a symbolically prestructured reality cannot be gained by observation alone ."
23.
J�rgen Habermas argues, in his " On the Logic of the Social Sciences " ( 1967 ), that " the positivist thesis of unified science, which assimilates all the sciences to a natural-scientific model, fails because of the intimate relationship between the social sciences and history, and the fact that they are based on a situation-specific understanding of meaning that can be explicated only hermeneutically & access to a symbolically prestructured reality cannot be gained by observation alone . " Phenomenology would later prove influential in the subject-centred theory of the post-structuralists.
24.
The human givens approach is not considered by its proponents to be just another model of psychotherapy but rather the beginnings of a unified science of human well-being with ramifications well beyond mental illness . ( Just as architects and engineers need to understand the laws of " physical nature " ( such as gravity ) in order to design and build successful structures, so anyone working with people needs to understand, and work in harmony with, the laws of " human nature " if they want their efforts to succeed " in the fullest sense " .)
25.
The Vienna Circle appeared in public with the publication of various book series " Schriften zur wissenschaftlichen Weltauffassung " ( " Monographs on the Scientific World-Conception " ), " Einheitswissenschaft " ( " Unified Science " ) and the journal " Erkenntnis " and the organization of international conferences in Prague, K�nigsberg ( today known as Kaliningrad ), Paris, Copenhagen, Cambridge, UK and Cambridge, Mass . Its public profile was provided by the " Ernst Mach Society " ( German : " Verein Ernst Mach " ) through which members of the Vienna Circle sought to popularize their ideas in the context of programmes for national education in Vienna.
