The result was a unilinear organization, under which the systems commands reported to the Chief of Naval Material, who in turn reported to the CNO . In the mid-1980s the Naval Material Command was disestablished; and NAVFAC began reporting directly to the Chief of Naval Operations.
22.
Balfour goes on to say, " In studying the development of human arts, it must not be supposed that progress was effected by a simple process of what is known as'end-on'evolution, the successive morphological changes following one another in simple unilinear series ".
23.
The problem facing the CPC was that unilinear view of history meant that China could not adopt socialism because it had skipped the capitalist mode of production, but a multilinear view meant that China did not need to adopt socialism because it was not a specific " stage in human evolution ".
24.
During the first stage, two different models were developed by both White and Steward . The distinction is not as rigid as some critics have made it out to be, White s models of cultural evolution were unilinear and monocausal, whereas Steward admitted a number of different lines of cultural development and a number of different causal factors.
25.
Some thinkers, Tanigawa writes, argue that China followed the set European pattern which Marxists and liberal thinkers thought to be universal, that is, from ancient slavery to medieval feudalism to modern capitalism, while others argue that " Chinese society was extraordinarily saturated with stagnancy, as compared to the West, and they assume that it existed in a qualitatively different historical world from Western society . " That is, there an argument between those who see " unilinear, monistic world history " and those who conceive of a " two-tracked or multitracked world history . " Tanigawa's conclusion is that China did not have " feudalism " in the sense that Marxists use, but that the military governments did not develop a military aristocracy of the sort that developed in Europe.
