One virgate of land was held by Richard with 4 ploughs and 7 serfs; 8 villeins and 18 smallholders had the rest of the land with 3 ploughs.
22.
These were considered to represent the amount of land that could be worked in a single annual season by a single ox and therefore equated to half a virgate.
23.
The estate at Hamstall Ridware was even smaller, at a single virgate : it was held from the church by Godric and had two villeins and a mill.
24.
The normal villein possessed his virgate or half virgate ( thirty or fifteen scattered acres ) under a tenure known as " villenagium ", sharply distinguished from the freeholder s tenures.
25.
The normal villein possessed his virgate or half virgate ( thirty or fifteen scattered acres ) under a tenure known as " villenagium ", sharply distinguished from the freeholder s tenures.
26.
On 23 February 1220 Robert de Turville paid the court half a mark to summon Cecilia Devereux to confirm a warrant for 12 virgate ( 360 acres ) of land in Eastleach, Gloucester.
27.
To survive they also had to work for larger landowners . 22 percent of tenants had a virgate of land ( which varied in size between and and 31 percent had one-half virgate.
28.
To survive they also had to work for larger landowners . 22 percent of tenants had a virgate of land ( which varied in size between and and 31 percent had one-half virgate.
29.
A virgate was a unit of land area measurement used in medieval England, and was held to be the amount of land that a team of two oxen could plough in a single annual season.
30.
One attung seems to have been equal to the land area it took to feed an ordinary family ( around 12 acres, see Hide ( unit ), Virgate and Oxgang for English equivalents ).
