Different reproductive strategies have different adaptive values for males and females : Insecure males tend to adopt avoidant strategies, whereas insecure females tend to adopt anxious / ambivalent strategies, unless they are in a very high risk environment.
32.
In 2014, the adaptive value of sensitisation due to injury was tested using the predatory interactions between longfin inshore squid ( " Doryteuthis pealeii " ) and black sea bass ( " Centropristis striata " ) which are natural predators of this squid.
33.
Whether information is stored in long-term memory depends on its'importance'; for any animal, memories of traumatic events are potentially important for the adaptive value that they have for future avoidance behaviour, and hormones that are released during stress have a role in determining what memories are preserved.
34.
Researchers Leckman and Tourette Syndrome Association ( TSA ) national board member Kathryn Taubert, believe that there may be latent advantages associated with an individual's genetic vulnerability to developing Tourette syndrome, such as a heightened awareness and increased attention to detail and surroundings that may have adaptive value.
35.
Question about the adaptive Value to the "'Extra-Species Environment "'i . e . to the kind of ecological niche created by the individuals : What are the costs, what are the benefits of a form of behaviour, e . g . in terms of energy intake and consumption?
36.
Sub-disciplines that attempt to determine which activities are universal ( and their possible adaptive value or reason for evolving ) include : Evolutionary Psychology, Sociobiology ( also including Sociology more generally ), all of Anthropology, and Cross-cultural psychology .-- talk ) 12 : 33, 13 August 2008 ( UTC)
37.
Subsequently, the theories of the " Gravity Hypothesis " by Jordi Moya-Larano et al . ( 2002 ), invoking a simple biomechanical model to account for the adaptive value for smaller male spiders of speed in clmbing vertical surfaces, and " Chase Away " by Brett Holland and William R . Rice have been added.
38.
Collectively, early strepsirrhine primates are known as folivorous ( leaf-eating ) diet among the ancestral adapiform population, since that would select for reduced incisors, which would serve as an exaptation ( a trait with adaptive value for something other than what it was originally selected for ), which could then be used for personal or social grooming.
39.
See also Gloger's Rule for the probable adaptive value of light vs dark skin in humans . . . the main reason seems to be weighing the benefits of absorbing UV rays deep into the skin ( which will help building certain vitamins ) vs blocking them with melanin ( which will decrease skin cancer rates ).
40.
Evolutionary biologist Stephen Jay Gould, writing in " The Structure of Evolutionary Theory " ( 2002 ), commented that the argument that the clitoris is not adaptive, put forward by Symons and subsequently by Gould himself, has been widely misunderstood as a denial of the adaptive value of the female orgasm in general, or even as a claim that female orgasms lack significance.
