Endogenous amines are produced in many different tissues ( for example : adrenaline in adrenal medulla or histamine in mast cells and liver ).
32.
Examples of cells producing chromogranin A ( ChgA ) are chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, paraganglia, enterochromaffin-like cells and beta cells of the pancreas.
33.
In addition, some thoracic fibers in the splanchnic nerves innervate the adrenal medulla, a ganglion in the abdomen that mediates the sympathetic response to stress.
34.
The concept of the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic nervous system being involved in the flight, fight and fright response was originally proposed by Cannon.
35.
In the center is the adrenal medulla, which produces adrenaline and noradrenaline and releases them into the bloodstream, as part of the sympathetic nervous system.
36.
The chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla act as " modified neurons ", releasing adrenaline and noradrenaline into the bloodstream as hormones instead of as neurotransmitters.
37.
The sympathetic nervous system also has some preganglionic nerves terminating at the chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla, which secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream.
38.
During exercise the epinephrine blood concentration rises partially from increased secretion from the adrenal medulla and partly from decreased metabolism because of reduced hepatic blood flow.
39.
Highest secretoneurin levels are found in anterior pituitary, followed by adrenal medulla and posterior pituitary hypothalamus ( 2-to 6-fold lower levels in other brain regions investigated ).
40.
In humans, traumatic stress is associated with acute secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine ( adrenaline and noradrenaline ) from the adrenal medulla and cortisol from the adrenal cortex.
