Tardive dysphrenia is one of many neuroleptic-induced tardive syndromes, including tardive dyskinesia and the other already-recognized tardive akathisia.
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Schizophr Bull 1995; 21 : 451 461; Sachdev P . The development of the concept of akathisia : a historical overview.
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Acta Psychiatr Scand 1996; 93 ( 6 ) : 451 459; Sachdev P . Animal models of drug-induced akathisia.
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Academic Press, Elsevier Inc : USA, 2004 : 745 753; Sachdev P . Acute and tardive drug-induced akathisia.
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In some cases, researchers suggested, akathisia may be so uncomfortable that it sets off suicidal thoughts, or intensifies existing suicidal impulses.
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On the other side, critics claim SSRIs sometimes cause agitation and urgent anxiety, called akathisia, that could make certain people suicidal.
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Rare but serious ADRs associated with metoclopramide therapy include agranulocytosis, supraventricular tachycardia, hyperaldosteronism, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, akathisia and tardive dyskinesia.
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In particular, akathisia and its subtypes were characterised, including the development of a rating scale and research diagnostic criteria [ 7 ].
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Neurology 1993; 43 : 544 547; Sachdev P, Kruk J . Clinical characteristics and predisposing factors in acute drug induced akathisia.
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People with akathisia are unable to sit or keep still, complain of restlessness, fidget, rock from foot to foot, and pace.