More specifically, these interactions include resource competition, allelopathy, facilitation / mutualisms [ 2, 3 ] and interactions with invasive species [ 4, 5 ], as well as soil microbe [ 6 ], herbivore and competitor-mediated interactions [ 7 ].
32.
Allelopathy is a defense mechanism, least pronounced in domesticated forms of the common sunflower, Helianthus annuus, and very strong in the seed hulls of H . Maximiliani, a multibranched, bright yellow 8 to 10 footer that is one of the easiest perennial species to find.
33.
Catechins released into the ground by some plants may hinder the growth of their neighbors, a form of allelopathy . " Centaurea maculosa ", the spotted knapweed often studied for this behavior, releases catechin isomers into the ground through its roots, potentially having effects as an antibiotic or herbicide.
34.
:Sure, plants have " intelligence ", insofar as they react to environment, make " choices ", communicate with each other, etc . They can also cooperate or fight with other plants ( allelopathy ), forage for food, and exhibit tons of behaviors that we would readily see as signs of intelligence in other organisms.
