Larva reddish yellow; dorsal line fine, pale with dark edges; subdorsal lines blackish; spiracles black on a pale lateral stripe; head and thoracic plate yellowish . The larvae are monophagous, feeding exclusively on marram ( " Ammophila arenaria " ) leaves, a plant that grows on dunes along the shoreline.
32.
Others, such as potter wasps ( Eumeninae ) and sand wasps ( " Ammophila ", Sphecidae ), repeatedly build nests which they stock with a supply of immobilised prey such as one large caterpillar, laying a single egg in or on its body, and then sealing up the entrance ( mass provisioning ).
33.
They are native to western North America, from Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, south to west Texas, California, Baja California and central Mexico, growing on dry sandy soils . " Abronia macrocarpa ", a Texas endemic, is protected under the Endangered Species Act . " Abronia ammophila ", the Yellowstone sand verbena, is a plant unique to endemic to the park.
34.
Alfred Wiedemann writes that " Ammophila arenaria " " has been introduced into virtually every British colonial settlement within its latitudinal tolerance range, including southeast and southwest Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, the Falkland Islands, and Norfolk Island and has been reported from Argentina and Chile . " " Ammophila " species were introduced in the late 19th century on the Pacific coast of North America as well, and massive, intentional plantings were continued at least through 1960.
35.
Alfred Wiedemann writes that " Ammophila arenaria " " has been introduced into virtually every British colonial settlement within its latitudinal tolerance range, including southeast and southwest Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, the Falkland Islands, and Norfolk Island and has been reported from Argentina and Chile . " " Ammophila " species were introduced in the late 19th century on the Pacific coast of North America as well, and massive, intentional plantings were continued at least through 1960.
36.
The other communities identified by Evens are the coastal strand, dominated by European beach grass ( " Ammophila arenaria " ), northern coastal prairie, found on a narrow strip just inland from the coastal strand that includes some native grasses; coastal rangeland, the area still grazed by the cattle from the peninsula's remaining working ranches; northern coastal scrub, dominated by coyote bush ( " Baccharis pilularis " ); and the intertidal and subtidal plant communities.
37.
As Nick Page has summarized, " " Ammophila breviligulata " is distinguished from " A . arenaria " by smaller ligules ( 1-3 mm versus 10-30 mm long in " A . arenaria " ), wider and less inrolled leaves, longer flower spike ( 25-35 cm versus 15-25 cm long in " A . arenaria " ), and scaly rather than puberulent leaf veins on the upper leaf surface ."
