It had been noted that when an occupied molecular orbital becomes antibonding the reaction is inhibited and this phenomenon was correlated with a series of rearrangements.
32.
If so, how does an antibonding orbital convert into a bonding orbital ( presumably that as the LG leaves a bond must be formed simultaneously )?
33.
The donor is usually a higher bonding or nonbonding orbital and the acceptor is often a low-lying antibonding orbital as shown in the scheme below.
34.
:The article Antibonding summarises things nicely : if an orbital puts electron density mostly outside the region between two nuclei, it is likely to be antibonding.
35.
:The article Antibonding summarises things nicely : if an orbital puts electron density mostly outside the region between two nuclei, it is likely to be antibonding.
36.
Thus the two electrons in the ground-state ? 2 orbital are transferred to an excited antibonding orbital, creating a doubly excited electronic state of the cyclobutene.
37.
In the case of electron donating groups, orbital overlap is again possible now in the LUMO, resulting in an increase in antibonding character destabilizing the norcaradiene tautomer.
38.
The symmetry of the nanoparticles and the distribution of the electrons within them can affect a type of bonding or antibonding character between the nanoparticles similarly to molecular orbitals.
39.
The symmetric combination ( called a bonding orbital ) is lower in energy than the basis orbitals, and the antisymmetric combination ( called an antibonding orbital ) is higher.
40.
In terms of MO theory the MO diagram has three molecular orbitals, the first one bonding, the second one non-bonding and the higher energy orbital is antibonding.
