To better understand this process and its vast diversity, key functions of the neuromodulator serotonin in " Aplysia californica " and dopamine are further illustrated.
32.
In 1962, after completing his residency in psychiatry, Kandel went to Paris to learn about the marine mollusk " Aplysia californica " from Ladislav Tauc.
33.
The Californian black sea hare, " Aplysia vaccaria " is arguably the largest living gastropod species, and is certainly the largest living shell-less gastropod.
34.
This was unusual, as the " Aplysia " response she was researching was cholinergic and was not expected to change with the addition of an adrenergic inhibitor.
35.
When a weak tactile stimulus is applied to the siphon of the sea-hare " Aplysia californica ", the animal rapidly withdraws the siphon between the parapodia.
36.
In molluscs such as " Aplysia californica " the peripheral motor neurons are more extensive, as opposed to vertebrates, and innervate somatic ( locomotor and appendageal ) muscles.
37.
Through experiments on the conditioning of the " Aplysia ", links have been discovered with the synaptic plasticity for reward functions involved in the trait of addiction within mammals.
38.
The neurons will adapt to that stimuli, and fire those neurons easier, even if the stimuli have a negative effect on the subject ( in this case the Aplysia ).
39.
"' John H . " Jack " Byrne "'is an American neurophysiologist who uses the marine mollusc Aplysia californica . to study the mechanisms of learning and memory.
40.
Philostratus writes that he was poisoned by Domitian with a sea hare ( " Aplysia depilans " ), and that his death had been foretold to him by Apollonius of Tyana.
