Indeed, if it should be proved that species have developed from others of a lower order, as varieties are supposed to have done, it would strengthen rather than weaken the standard argument from design . " That is, he subscribed to theistic evolution.
32.
;Robert Shapiro : Shapiro has said that he reviewed the book, and while he agreed with some of its analysis of origin-of-life research, he thought its conclusions are false, though the best explanation of the argument from design that was available.
33.
Later, William Paley, in his 1802 " Natural Theology or Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity " published a prominent presentation of the design argument with his version of the watchmaker analogy and the first use of the phrase " argument from design ".
34.
Plato, his student, and Aristotle, Plato's student, developed complex approaches to the proposal that the cosmos has an intelligent cause, but it was the Stoics who, under their influence, " developed the battery of creationist arguments broadly known under the label'The Argument from Design.
35.
North8000 often characterizes it as a problem of scope ( i . e . that the article currently disregards all intelligent design ( ID ) that is not associated with the Discovery Institute ), and we could probably use some expertise in distinguishing ID from the teleological argument ( aka argument from design ).
36.
This powerful essay, for which La Mettrie expressed warm appreciation in 1751, revolves around a remarkable deathbed scene in which a dying blind philosopher, Saunderson, rejects the arguments of a " thinking matter " is upheld and the " argument from design " discarded ( following La Mettrie ) as hollow and unconvincing.
37.
It is most commonly used in a weaker way, however : not with the aim of disproving the existence of God, but rather as a reductio ad absurdum of the well-known argument from design, which argues that living things are too well-designed to have originated by chance, so must have been deliberately created by an intelligent God.
38.
The "'teleological "'or "'physico-theological argument "', also known as the "'argument from design "', or "'intelligent design argument "'is an argument for the existence of God or, more generally, for an intelligent creator " based on perceived evidence of deliberate design in the natural or physical world ".
39.
In Query 31 of the " Opticks ", Newton simultaneously made an argument from design and for the necessity of intervention : St . Thomas believed that the existence of God is self-evident in itself, but not to us . " Therefore I say that this proposition, " God exists ", of itself is self-evident, for the predicate is the same as the subject . . . . Now because we do not know the essence of God, the proposition is not self-evident to us; but needs to be demonstrated by things that are more known to us, though less known in their nature namely, by effects ."
40.
Kant himself famously credited Hume as the spur to his philosophical thought who had awakened him from his " dogmatic slumbers; " contemporary philosophers have opined that " Hume, rivaled only by Darwin, [ who ] has done the most to undermine in principle our confidence in arguments from design; " that " No man has influenced the history of philosophy to a deeper or more disturbing degree, and that Hume's Treatise is " the founding document of Cognitive Science " and the " most important philosophical work written in English "; no less a philosophical authority than Arthur Schopenhauer once declared that " there is more to be learned from each page of David Hume than from the collected philosophical works of Hegel, Herbart and Schleiermacher taken together . " Hume is thus widely regarded as a pivotal figure in the history of philosophical thought.
