Dr . Stephen Burke, a pediatric orthopedic surgeon at the Hospital for Special Surgery, also took his team to Italy last month, examining about 30 children with symptoms of arthrogryposis.
32.
Dundar et al . described patients with Mental Motor Retardation, ocular abnormality, dysmorphic facial appearance, long fingers, and distal arthrogryposis with severely adducted thumbs and clubfeet in Turkish family in 1997.
33.
The malformations of arthrogryposis can be secondary to environmental factors such as : decreased intrauterine movement, oligohydramnios ( low volume or abnormal distribution of intrauterine fluid ), and defects in the fetal blood supply.
34.
Other mutations that could cause arthrogryposis are : single gene defects ( X-linked recessive, autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant ), mitochondrial defects and chromosomal disorders ( for example : trisomy 18 ).
35.
Competitors with multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy and arthrogryposis were not eligible for classification by CP-ISRA, but were eligible for classification by International Sports Organisation for the Disabled for the Games of Les Autres.
36.
The disorder, called arthrogryposis multiplex congenital, is typically the result of a fetus that has too little room to move in the uterus, causing protective tissue to grow around the joints and fixing them in position.
37.
It is no longer a common operation, but is still used in cases of a deformed calcaneus, foot paralysis following poliomyelitis, and rigid clubfoot deformities that are secondary to spina bifida or arthrogryposis ( AMC ).
38.
A missense mutation R174Q, a nonsense mutation R156X, and three single residue deletions DE167, DK175 and DK176, all in the C-terminal actin-tropomyosin interacting domain, have been found in patients with distal arthrogryposis.
39.
When they are poisoned by " C . maculatum " during the fetus'organ formation period, the offspring is born with malformations, mainly palatoschisis and multiple congenital contractures ( MCC; frequently described as arthrogryposis ).
40.
Martina's particular type of arthrogryposis _ meaning " stiff joints " _ occurs in one out of perhaps 50, 000 births, said Dr . Stephen Burke, a pediatric orthopedic surgeon at the Hospital for Special Surgery.
