On the bone's inferior side, three articular surfaces serve for the articulation with the calcaneus, and several variously developed articular surfaces exist for the articulation with ligaments.
32.
The interosseous ligaments are very short and run perpendicular from the iliac surface to the sacrum, they keep the articular surfaces from abducting or opening / distracting.
33.
On the bone's inferior side, three articular surfaces serve for the articulation with the calcaneus, and several variously developed articular surfaces exist for the articulation with ligaments.
34.
In the adult the articular surface is about and covered by cartilage, which can reach a maximal thickness of in the centre at about 30 years of age.
35.
It is broad and bears the glenoid cavity on its articular surface which is directed forward, laterally and slightly upwards, and articulates with the head of the humerus.
36.
Depending on the severity of the impact, there may be one or many fragments and it may or may not involve the articular surface of the wrist joint.
37.
Stability is achieved by a sophisticated geometry of articular surfaces and intricate system of ligaments, retinacula, and tendons, which also determine the relative motion of the carpal bones.
38.
The hallux metatarsal shows increased base for more internal support, and more distal articular surface which causes more connection and support to the other bones in the foot.
39.
They are on a level with the superior surfaces of these bones, and their upper surfaces are smooth, and form part of the convex articular surface of the wrist-joint.
40.
:From the Oxford Textbook of Orthopaedics and Trauma, pages 1207 & ndash; 1208 : " Episodes of giving way may cause further injury to menisci and the articular surface.
