During this time, note-worthy contributions were made by Noels and colleagues through a self-determination theory-based model of language learning motivation, Ushioda through attribution theory, as well as Williams and Burden with their social constructivist model.
32.
While exploring the conceptualizations and the possible real life applications of interdependence theory and attribution theory, Kelley began examining the interactions and perceptions of young couples in harmony and conflict, and the ways in which they negotiated and attempted to resolve conflicts.
33.
Thus, the actor-observer asymmetry does not exist in one theoretical formulation ( traditional attribution theory ) but does exist in the new alternative theoretical formulation . argues that this favors the alternative theoretical formulation, but current textbooks have not yet fully addressed this theoretical challenge.
34.
By most accounts, the current application of attribution theory in marketing was spurred by the transition of advertising spending from traditional, offline ads to digital media and the expansion of data available through digital channels such as paid and organic search, display, and email marketing.
35.
For example, attribution theory predicts that a student who turns in a late assignment may explain to the professor that the tardiness is uncharacteristic and due to a situational factor like an unusual computer problem while the professor might believe the tardiness was due instead to a dispositional factor like the student s laziness.
36.
Professor John Booth Davies at the University of Strathclyde has argued in his book " The Myth of Addiction " that " people take drugs because they want to and because it makes sense for them to do so given the choices available " as opposed to the view that " they are compelled to by the pharmacology of the drugs they take . " He uses an adaptation of attribution theory ( what he calls the theory of functional attributions ) to argue that the statement " I am addicted to drugs " is functional, rather than veridical.
37.
The causal attribution theory " Suggests that we interpret other people's behavior, and evaluate the individual themselves, in terms of the motivations and intentions that we attribute as the cause of their behavior " It applies to convergence in that convergence might be viewed positively or negatively depending on the causes we attribute to it : " Although interpersonal convergence is generally favorably received, and non-convergence generally unfavorably received, the extent to which this holds true will undoubtedly be influenced by the listeners attributions of the speaker's intent . " Giles and Smith provide the example of an experiment that they conducted amongst French and English speaking Canadians to illustrate this.
