It contains a single species, " "'Padillasaurus leivaensis " "', known only from a single partial axial skeleton . " Padillasaurus " represents the first South American brachiosaurid ever discovered and named.
32.
The axial skeleton of the snakes common ancestor, like most other tetrapods, had regional specializations consisting of cervical ( neck ), thoracic ( chest ), lumbar ( lower back ), sacral ( pelvic ), and caudal ( tail ) vertebrae.
33.
The "'axial skeleton "'is the part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and skull bones, the ossicles of the middle ear, the hyoid bone, the rib cage, sternum and the vertebral column.
34.
The remains ( MIWG1997.550 ), consisting of assorted skull, axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton elements, from a juvenile or subadult, found in a plant debris clay bed, were described by Hutt " et al . " in early 2001.
35.
Its primary functions are to bear the weight of the upper body when sitting and standing, transferring that weight from the axial skeleton to the lower appendicular skeleton when standing and walking, and providing attachments for and withstanding the forces of the powerful muscles of locomotion and posture.
36.
Each of its components has its own individual functions, it serves as a point of attachment for a variety of musculotendinous and ligamentous structures, it allows limited, but significant movement to occur through the coracoclavicular ligament and the acromioclavicular articulation, and it maintains a normal, stable relationship between the upper extremity and the axial skeleton.
