Because values of the azimuth angle \ phi differing by 2 \ pi ( 360 degrees in radians ) represent the same position in space, and the overall magnitude of F does not grow with arbitrarily large \ phi as it would for a real exponent, the coefficient \ lambda must be quantized to integer multiples of i, producing an imaginary exponent : \ lambda = im.
32.
[With regards to the figure above left " Apparent flow velocity . . . ", Lucid Energy Technologies, rights holder to the patent to the Gorlov Helical Turbine, notes that this diagram, with no apparent velocity at an azimuth angle of 180 degrees ( blade at its point in rotation where it is instantaneously moving in downstream direction ), may be subject to misinterpretation.
33.
As a differential phase starts to accrue, the polarization becomes elliptical, eventually changing to purely circular polarization ( 90?phase difference ), then to elliptical and eventually linear polarization ( 180?phase ) perpendicular to the original polarization, then through circular again ( 270?phase ), then elliptical with the original azimuth angle, and finally back to the original linearly polarized state ( 360?phase ) where the cycle begins anew.
