The separation of base flow from direct runoff can be an important first step in developing rainfall-runoff models for a watershed of interest for example, in developing and applying unit hydrographs as described below.
32.
Groundwater recharge from infiltration is estimated at 6.15 km 3 per year whereby 5.97 km 3 is considered base flow that serves to recharge surface waters and therefore has the possibility of being extracted.
33.
Reduction in freshwater base flow in rivers and disruption of seasonal flows, because of diversions and extractions, hydroelectric power generation, irrigation schemes, barge transportation, and slackwater reservoirs, inhibit normal migratory processes and increase predation for salmon.
34.
Dams and weirs block migration and also block floods and reduce base flows, both of which are important for habitat maintenance and for spawning and movement of grayling larvae and juveniles to and from the sea.
35.
The follow-on "'priority-based flow control "', as defined in the "'IEEE 802.1Qbb "'standard, provides a link-level flow control mechanism that can be controlled independently for each Class of Service ( CoS ), as defined by IEEE P802.1p.
36.
In scientific visualization, "'image-based flow visualization "'( or "'visualisation "') is a computer modelling technique developed by Jarke van Wijk to visualize two dimensional flows of liquids such as water and air, like the wind movement of a tornado.
37.
Prof Nadine Barlow, a scientist Northern Arizona University described this class of craters with thin-layered outer deposit surpassing the typical range of ejecta . The combination helps vaporize the materials and create a base flow surge.
38.
These barriers consist of dams and the reduction of water flow from storage and withdrawal, which in itself lowers base flow and impedes Southern California Steelhead from reaching spawning habitat as well as impedes juvenile Steelhead from reaching the Pacific Ocean.
39.
It has a very variable flow rates, a low base flow component and a flashy nature; it responds quickly to extreme rainfall events due to the impermeable nature of the clay over which it flows and the resulting high surface water runoff.
40.
However, since 1996 a minimum base flow has been released to the river's " bypass stretch " to enhance the aesthetic appeal of the falls, as dictated by terms in the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's re-licensing agreement for hydroelectric power generation on the river.
