In the early 20th century, a standard form based on the Beijing dialect, with elements from other Mandarin dialects, was adopted as the national language.
32.
Yang compiled the preliminary list of entries, partially drafted the definitions, served both as informant and as grammarian on Beijing dialect, and wrote the characters.
33.
Standard Chinese " ( Putonghua / Guoyu / Huayu ) " is a standardized form of spoken Chinese based on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin.
34.
The final, and in some respects most important task, was to study the vocabulary and usage of Cao's Beijing dialect as a basis for Modern Mandarin.
35.
The " English & Chinese vocabulary in the court dialect " by Samuel Wells Williams was based on the Nanjing dialect, rather than the Beijing dialect.
36.
Ultimately, the Beijing dialect was chosen as the national language and it continued to be referred to as W�� in Chinese in the Republic of China.
37.
Another obstacle preventing its widespread adoption was its narrow basis on the Beijing dialect, in a period lacking a strong centralized government to enforce its use.
38.
Nevertheless, by 1909, the dying Qing dynasty had established the Beijing dialect as " gu�y? " ( �V� / W�� ), or the " national language ".
39.
Although Chinese speakers make a clear distinction between Standard Chinese and the Beijing dialect, there are aspects of Beijing dialect that have made it into the official standard.
40.
It wasn't until 1932 that a dictionary called the " Vocabulary of National Pronunciation for Everyday Use ", which was based truly on the Beijing dialect, was published.
