In the early 1880s he participated in a series of sea expeditions, during which, he performed investigations of marine life located within the benthic zone, subsequently gaining international recognition as a specialist of marine fauna.
32.
The "'benthic zone "'is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean or a lake, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers.
33.
In addition, some lakes become seasonally stratified ( discussed in more detail below . ) Ponds and pools have two regions : the pelagic open water zone, and the benthic zone, which comprises the bottom and shore regions.
34.
Depending on the water-body, the benthic zone may include areas that are only a few inches below water, such as a stream or shallow pond; at the other end of the spectrum, benthos of the deep ocean includes the bottom levels of the oceanic abyssal zone.
35.
As its scientific name implies, this species has a burrowing habit and lives underneath the wet, sandy sediment of its benthic zone habitat . " C . subterranea " creates complex, multi-branched tunnel systems up to 81 cm deep from the lower shore to the shallow sublittoral.
36.
It is broadly accepted that the plan has been a failure and has not delivered its objective of recovering the cod stocks in these areas because of the plan s over reliance on effort ( days-at-sea ) that created an indiscriminate race to fish which in fact increased fishing mortality on the biomass for cod, on other demersal species and had a destructive impact on the benthic zone of the seabed where it is intensely fished.
