In general, LAD are modelled with one-or two-parameters functions including ellipsoidal, rotated-ellipsoidal and Beta functions.
32.
Then for QCD, with N _ c = 3, the above equation reduces to that listed for the quantum chromodynamics beta function.
33.
In particular the renormalization group defines a flow on the space of coupling constants, with the beta function giving the corresponding vector field.
34.
Where B is the beta function, \ alpha and \ beta are the shape parameters, and \ lambda is the noncentrality parameter.
35.
In non-Abelian gauge theories, the beta function can be negative, as first found by Frank Wilczek, David Politzer and David Gross.
36.
An example of this is the beta function for quantum chromodynamics ( QCD ), and as a result the QCD coupling decreases at high energies.
37.
Methods also exist for determining the flow coefficient as a function of the beta function \ beta and the location of the downstream pressure sensing tap.
38.
The Beta function ( in the denominator of the beta distribution ) approaches infinity, for both parameters approaching zero, ?, ? ?! 0.
39.
It is intimately connected with the polylogarithm, inverse tangent integral, polygamma function, Riemann zeta function, Dirichlet eta function, and Dirichlet beta function.
40.
Moreover, the perturbative beta function tells us that the coupling continues to increase, and QED becomes " strongly coupled " at high energy.
