Numerous crystalline binary compounds are known for samarium and one of the group-4, 5 or 6 element X, where X is Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb or Te, and metallic alloys of samarium form another large group.
32.
Ternary compositions allow adjusting the band gap within the range of the involved binary compounds; however, in case of combination of direct and indirect band gap materials there is a ratio where indirect band gap prevails, limiting the range usable for optoelectronics; e . g.
33.
Thulium reacts with various metallic and non-metallic elements forming a range of binary compounds, including TmN, TmS, TmC 2, Tm 2 C 3, TmH 2, TmH 3, TmSi 2, TmGe 3, TmB 4, TmB 6 and TmB 12.
34.
In mixing Nickel ( II ) Chromate with Aluminates or Cobalt Chromate, a binary compound known as a spinel is formed that is able to withstand temperatures up to 1000 �C . The products from these mixings can be used as oxidation-resistive components in airplane and space shuttle coatings.
35.
With halogens, yttrium forms trihalides such as yttrium ( III ) fluoride ( ), yttrium ( III ) chloride ( ), and yttrium ( III ) bromide ( ) at temperatures above roughly 200 �C . Similarly, carbon, phosphorus, selenium, silicon and sulfur all form binary compounds with yttrium at elevated temperatures.
36.
Dysprosium combines with various non-metals at high temperatures to form binary compounds with varying composition and oxidation states + 3 and sometimes + 2, such as DyN, DyP, DyH 2 and DyH 3; DyS, DyS 2, Dy 2 S 3 and Dy 5 S 7; DyB 2, DyB 4, DyB 6 and DyB 12, as well as Dy 3 C and Dy 2 C 3.
