Some scholars are using geography to help provide a counterweight to what they see as a crude biological determinism implying, for example, that Europeans won out because of some inbred superiority.
32.
As can be seen in his review of Diamond's best-seller " Guns, Germs and Steel : The Fates of Human Societies " in 1999, Posey would have biological determinism laid to rest.
33.
As women attempted to work in science, arguments using biological determinism, evolutionary psychology and popular notions of neurobiology were used as excuses as to why there were fewer women in the sciences.
34.
In the 1990s, her work was eclipsed by feminist philosophers who criticized her work as reducing women's experiences to biological determinism, thereby reducing the range of female experience to a single biological necessity.
35.
Author female sexuality in general, and understood sexual relations between men and women in terms of an unsupported biological determinism, which also affected Tripp's account of how tension between the sexes creates erotic excitement.
36.
Wittig, referencing the ideas of Simone de Beauvoir, challenges concepts of biological determinism, arguing that those in power construct sex difference and race difference for the purpose of masking conflicts of interest and maintaining domination.
37.
The trouble came, however, when criminality or professional criminal behaviour was taken to be hereditary rather than habitual, that is when crime became ethnic, and what was merely social determinism till then became biological determinism.
38.
It is a gimmick as the critics point out making fun of biological determinism by turning racial conflicts into natural predator / prey relationships ( none of it is stressed in this article enough ).
39.
Gould did not deny the relevance of biology to human nature, but reframed the debate as " biological potentiality vs . biological determinism . " Gould stated that the human brain allows for a wide range of behaviors.
40.
Sociology developed as a scholarly discipline in the mid-and late-19th and early 20th centuries, in a context where biological determinism had failed to fully explain key features of social change, including the evolving relationship between humans and their natural environments.
