It is believed that the connection strengths between cells is caused by the number and types of ion channels embedded in the synapses between the ganglion and bipolar cells.
32.
The centre surround structures are logical ( i . e ., mathematically abstract ) in the sense that they depend on the connection strengths between ganglion and bipolar cells.
33.
When there is light present, glutamate secretion ceases thus no longer inhibiting the bipolar cell from releasing neurotransmitters to the ganglion cell and therefore an image can be detected.
34.
Less neurotransmitter could either stimulate ( depolarize ) or inhibit ( hyperpolarize ) the bi-polar cell it synapses with, dependent on the nature of the receptor on the bipolar cell.
35.
When light is present, the photoreceptors cease releasing glutamate, which relieves the ON bipolar cells from inhibition, activating them; this simultaneously removes the excitation from the OFF bipolar cells, silencing them.
36.
This causes the ON bipolar cell to lose its inhibition and become active ( depolarized ), while the OFF bipolar cell loses its excitation ( becomes hyperpolarized ) and becomes silent.
37.
This causes the ON bipolar cell to lose its inhibition and become active ( depolarized ), while the OFF bipolar cell loses its excitation ( becomes hyperpolarized ) and becomes silent.
38.
When light is present, the photoreceptors cease releasing glutamate, which relieves the ON bipolar cells from inhibition, activating them; this simultaneously removes the excitation from the OFF bipolar cells, silencing them.
39.
While it has been discovered that there exists a mixed type of bipolar cells that bind to both rod and cone cells, bipolar cells still predominantly receive their input from cone cells.
40.
In the dark, a photoreceptor ( rod / cone ) cell will release glutamate, which inhibits ( hyperpolarizes ) the ON bipolar cells and excites ( depolarizes ) the OFF bipolar cells.
