In addition, a Departmental Committee was established to review " the question of the salaries and conditions of employment of staff employed both in Approved Schools and in Remand Homes . " In addition, under a decision announced by the Home Office and the Scottish Office in March 1943, the provision of the Adoption of Children ( Regulation ) Act of 1939 ( which had been postponed due to the outbreak of the war ) was brought into operation, forbidding " any body of persons, other than a local authority or registered adoption society, to make arrangements for the adoption of a child ."
32.
"" If at any time it appears to His Majesty that any action has been taken or is immediately threatened by any persons or body of persons of such a nature and on so extensive a scale as to be calculated, by interfering with the supply and distribution of food, water, fuel, or light, or with the means of locomotion, to deprive the community, or any substantial portion of the community, of the essentials of life, His Majesty may, by proclamation ( hereinafter referred to as a proclamation of emergency ), declare that a state of emergency exists " ."
33.
It is authorized by Article 149 of the Malaysian Constitution, which stipulates that if an Act recites that action has been taken or threatened by any substantial body of persons, whether inside or outside the Federation in respect of certain situations including organized violence against persons or property, the excitement of disaffection against the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the government, or the promotion of feelings of ill-will and hostility between different races or classes of the population likely to cause violence then any provision of that law designed to stop or prevent that action is valid notwithstanding that it is inconsistent with certain articles of the Constitution guaranteeing fundamental liberties.
34.
Section 5 of the Act defines a " strike " as " the cessation of work by a body of persons employed in any essential service acting in combination, or a concerted refusal or a refusal under a common understanding of a number of persons who are or who have been so employed to continue to work or to accept employment ", and a " lock-out " as " the closing of a place of employment or the suspension of work, or the refusal by an employer to continue to employ any number of persons employed by him in consequence of a trade dispute, done with a view to compelling those persons, or to aid another employer in compelling persons employed by him, to accept terms or conditions of or affecting employment " . " Essential services " are any services, businesses, trades, undertakings, manufactures or callings included in Part I of the First Schedule to the Act, namely: