Normally the Border Gateway Protocol ( BGP ) used by the provider's routers only looks at the four-octet IP address, but the BGP Multiprotocol Extensions allow BGP to view the entire 12-octet VPN-IPv4 address, and carry routes from multiple " address families ".
32.
Probably because of a bug in the affected router, the routes leaked were deaggregated to / 24 prefixes, which were more specific than the routes originally present on the Internet, and had the AS path rewritten to 7007, leading the Border Gateway Protocol ( BGP ) used by the Internet's routers to prefer the leaked routes.
33.
Due to erroneous use of Border Gateway Protocol ( BGP ) and other routing technology to redirect the connections to the filtering proxies, users of some networks were temporarily prevented from accessing or editing any content hosted by Wikimedia, a problem reminiscent of Pakistan's accidental blocking of YouTube for much of the world instead of only their own citizens.
34.
Participants in the Internet use a diverse array of methods of several hundred documented, and often standardized, protocols compatible with the Internet Protocol Suite and an addressing system ( IP addresses ) administered by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority and reachability of their address spaces through the Border Gateway Protocol ( BGP ), forming a redundant worldwide mesh of transmission paths.
35.
It is also suggested in RFC 2439 ( under " Design Choices-> Stability Sensitive Suppression of Route Advertisement " ) that route flap damping is a feature more desirable if implemented to Exterior Border Gateway Protocol Sessions ( eBGP sessions or simply called exterior peers ) and not on Interior Border Gateway Protocol Sessions ( iBGP sessions or simply called internal peers ); With this approach when a route flaps inside an autonomous system, it is not propagated to the external ASs flapping a route to an eBGP will have a chain of flapping for the particular route throughout the backbone.
36.
It is also suggested in RFC 2439 ( under " Design Choices-> Stability Sensitive Suppression of Route Advertisement " ) that route flap damping is a feature more desirable if implemented to Exterior Border Gateway Protocol Sessions ( eBGP sessions or simply called exterior peers ) and not on Interior Border Gateway Protocol Sessions ( iBGP sessions or simply called internal peers ); With this approach when a route flaps inside an autonomous system, it is not propagated to the external ASs flapping a route to an eBGP will have a chain of flapping for the particular route throughout the backbone.
