While there had been support for multiprogramming in previous systems, it was limited to running one user job concurrently with multiple supporting functions known to be well-behaved, such as the card reader, printer, and card punch spoolers.
32.
The FTD Oscar equipment consisted of a film reader which gave time and range data in analog form, a converter unit which changed them to digital form, and an IBM printing card punch which received the digital data.
33.
The IBM 046 Tape-to-Card Punch and the IBM 047 Tape-to-Card Printing Punch ( which was almost identical, but with the addition of a printing mechanism ) read data from punched paper tape and punched that data into cards.
34.
And there, indeed, is the entry for chadless, alleged etymology and all : " ( Named after its inventor ) A card punch which cut little U-shapes in punched cards, rather than punching out a circle or rectangle . . ..
35.
For preparing data input diskettes, as a successor to card punches, there was a special workstation called a " dual display " ( 3742 ) which employed a system of mirrors to split a horizontally mounted screen into two 12x80 displays.
36.
Old clunkers like the MITS Altair, one of the earliest commercially available personal computers, and IBM card punch machines are the foundation of the nonprofit museum, one a just a few in the country dedicated to preserving the history of computer technology.
37.
The first commercial sale was made in 1964 to the Morgan Crucible Company and consisted of a 16K word 1902 with an 80-column 980-card / minute reader, a card punch, a 600 line / min printer and 4 x 20kchar / s tape drives.
38.
The same subroutines are used no matter what program is doing the I / O and no matter what type of file or device is being used ( typewriter or graphics terminal, line printer, card punch, disk file, magnetic and paper tape, etc . ).
39.
I suppose someone could in theory build a computer that wrote data to punched cards with a card punch, stored the cards in an equivalent of a tape library and automatically selected and loaded cards when it needed the data-this would be a form of tertiary storage device.
40.
A data set is typically stored on a direct access storage device ( DASD ) or magnetic tape, however unit record devices, such as punch card readers, card punch, and line printers can provide input / output ( I / O ) for a data set ( file ).
