Rejection is an adaptive immune response via cellular immunity ( mediated by killer T cells inducing apoptosis of target cells ) as well as humoral immunity ( mediated by activated B cells secreting antibody molecules ), though the action is joined by components of innate immune response ( phagocytes and soluble immune proteins ).
32.
A vaccine developed by the French firm Pasteur Merieux Connaught consists of a canarypox virus genetically engineered to carry genes for two HIV proteins . ( Canarypox cannot infect humans, nor reproduce itself when injected into humans . ) That vaccine is intended to stimulate cellular immunity _ reactions against cells that have been infected with a virus.
33.
The trial was co-funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases ( NIAID ), which is a division of the National Institutes of Health ( NIH ), and the pharmaceutical company Merck & Co . Merck developed the experimental vaccine called V520 to stimulate HIV-specific cellular immunity, which prompts the body to produce T cells that kill HIV-infected cells.
34.
By the mid-1960s, several studies identified the gradual reduction in cellular immunity in old age, observing that in a cohort of 1, 000 people who lived to the age of 85, approximately 500 ( i . e ., 50 % ) would have at least one attack of shingles, and 10 ( i . e ., 1 % ) would have at least two attacks.
