The Raytheon ring laser works with four circular polarizations, where now the difference of the differences represents twice the Sagnac effect.
32.
The capability of switching between horizontal, vertical and circular polarizations can be used to reduce polarization mismatch losses in portable devices.
33.
In this special case, the electric vector traces out a circle in the plane, so this polarization is called circular polarization.
34.
Circular polarization of zodiacal light and Milky Way diffuse galactic light was measured at wavelength of 550 nm by Wolstencroft and Kemp.
35.
This aerial for circular polarization radiated vertically in the ionosphere and permitted good reception of RIAS 1 in the entire former East Germany.
36.
For the special case of circular polarization, the axial ratio equals 1 ( or 0 dB ) and the tilt angle is undefined.
37.
On modern satellite dishes, used for polarization ( horizontal and vertical on older systems, clockwise and counterclockwise on newer circular polarization systems ).
38.
In particular, the spin operator is shown to correspond to the basis states of circular polarization as described below in terms of electromagnetic fields.
39.
So on average, a starlight photon is scattered from a single interstellar grain; multiple scattering ( which produces circular polarization ) is much less likely.
40.
There is one note with respect to antenna polarization : Reflections from a smooth surface preserve linear polarization but reverses the sense of circular polarizations.
