Second-order schedules are built from two simpler schedules; completion of the first schedule results in the presentation of an abbreviated version conditioned stimulus, following completion of a fixed-interval, the drug is delivered, alongside the full-length conditioned stimulus.
32.
But, animals persist in attempting to consume the conditioned stimulus for thousands of trials ( a phenomenon known as "'negative automaintenance "'), unable to cease their behavioural response to the conditioned stimulus even when it prevents them from obtaining a reward.
33.
But, animals persist in attempting to consume the conditioned stimulus for thousands of trials ( a phenomenon known as "'negative automaintenance "'), unable to cease their behavioural response to the conditioned stimulus even when it prevents them from obtaining a reward.
34.
The procedure is relatively simple and usually consists of pairing an auditory or visual stimulus ( the conditioned stimulus ( CS ) ) with an eyeblink-eliciting unconditioned stimulus ( US ) ( e . g . a mild puff of air to the cornea or a mild shock ).
35.
Albert initially showed no fear of a white rat ( neutral stimulus ), but after the sight of the rat had been accompanied five times by the loud noise, he cried and tried to escape the rat, showing that the rat had become a conditioned stimulus for fear.
36.
One of the most extensively studied cerebellar learning tasks is the eyeblink conditioning paradigm, in which a neutral conditioned stimulus ( CS ) such as a tone or a light is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus ( US ), such as an air puff, that elicits a blink response.
37.
An example would be the case of conditioned stimulus, the bell, is considered the ISI . More particularly, ISI is often used in eyeblink conditioning ( a widely studied type of classical conditioning involving puffs of air blown into the subject's eyes ) where the ISI can effect learning based on the size of the time gap.
38.
What is of interest in this particular type of classical conditioning is that when the subject is conditioned to blink after the conditioned stimulus ( tone ), the blink will take place within the time period between the tone and the air puff, making the subject's eyes close before the puff can reach the eyes, protecting them from the air.
39.
These proteins became of interest in neurobiology with the finding that in the nudibranch ( sea slug ) " Hermissenda crassicornis ", the protein Csp24 ( conditioned stimulus pathway phosphoprotein-24 ), with 4 repeats, is involved in simple forms of learning : both one-trial enhancement of the excitability of sensory neurons in the conditioned stimulus pathway, and in multi-trial Pavlovian conditioning.
40.
These proteins became of interest in neurobiology with the finding that in the nudibranch ( sea slug ) " Hermissenda crassicornis ", the protein Csp24 ( conditioned stimulus pathway phosphoprotein-24 ), with 4 repeats, is involved in simple forms of learning : both one-trial enhancement of the excitability of sensory neurons in the conditioned stimulus pathway, and in multi-trial Pavlovian conditioning.
