Diachronically, the rise of consonant gradation in Germanic can be explained by Kluge's law, by which geminates arose from stops followed by a nasal in a stressed syllable.
32.
Also, Votic also has a system of consonant gradation, which is discussed in further detail in the consonant gradation article, although a large amount of alternations involve voicing alternations.
33.
Also, Votic also has a system of consonant gradation, which is discussed in further detail in the consonant gradation article, although a large amount of alternations involve voicing alternations.
34.
The stem also undergoes consonant gradation in the accusative and genitive singular forms, and endings beginning with " e " or " o " also trigger diphthong simplification.
35.
Kroonen ( 2011 : 124 ) : " The only existing theory that is powerful enough such root variations, is the one that acknowledges consonant gradation and the underlying mechanism of the paradigmatic contaminations.
36.
In several Sami languages, preaspirated stops / affricates contrast with lax voiceless stops, either due to denasalization of earlier clusters ( e . g . * nt > ) or in connection to consonant gradation.
37.
:The Finnish language uses the digraph'ng'to denote the phonemically long velar nasal in contrast to'nk', which is its " strong " form under consonant gradation, a type of lenition.
38.
Interestingly, consonant gradation like that in Finnish appears to show up in the verb conjugation ( with strengthening to " pp " in the 3rd person plural and weakening to " v " elsewhere ).
39.
In early written Finnish, the interdental fricatives are written as ( for both grades ) in the earliest records, which in Standard Finnish has led to the spelling pronunciation ( treated as a consonant cluster and hence no longer subject to consonant gradation ).
40.
A prominent example of the effect of the standard language is the development of the consonant gradation form / ts : ts / as in " mets?: mets�n ", as this pattern was originally ( 1940 ) found natively only in the dialects of southern Karelian isthmus and Ingria.
